Gauge invariance and the interpretation of inter- and intraband processes in high-order harmonic generation from bulk solids

Abstract: A theoretical model for high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in bulk solids is considered. Our approach treats laser-induced inter- and intraband currents on an equal footing. The sum of these currents is the source of the high-order harmonic radiation, and does not depend on the particular electromagnetic gauge we choose to describe the process. On the other hand, as it is shown using analytic and numerical calculations, the distinction between intra- and interband dynamics is gauge dependent, implying that the interpretation of the process of HHG using these terms requires carefulness.