Perturbation Bounds for Williamson's Symplectic Normal Form

Abstract: Given a real-valued positive semidefinite matrix, Williamson proved that it can be diagonalised using symplectic matrices. The corresponding diagonal values are known as the symplectic spectrum. This paper is concerned with the stability of Williamson's decomposition under perturbations. We provide norm bounds for the stability of the symplectic eigenvalues and prove that if $S$ diagonalises a given matrix $M$ to Williamson form, then $S$ is stable if the symplectic spectrum is nondegenerate and $S^TS$ is always stable. Finally, we sketch a few applications of the results in quantum information theory.