Obstacles to Mathematization in Introductory Physics

Abstract: University students taking introductory physics are generally successful executing mathematical procedures in context, but often struggle with the use of mathematical concepts for sense making. Physics instructors note that their students experience difficulty with basic algebraic reasoning, a foundation on which more advanced mathematical thinking rests. However, little systematic research has been done to measure and categorize such difficulties in this population. This paper describes an investigation of trends in student reasoning with proportions, quantification, and symbolizing in introductory calculus-based physics. Although the assessment items used to probe student thinking require mathematical reasoning typically taught at the middle school level in mathematics courses, we find success rates of about 50% among calculus-based physics students. For many of these students, numerical complexity and the level of abstraction of the quantities interfere with basic arithmetic reasoning. We argue that the algebraic thinking of physicists stems from an idiosyncratic cognitive blend, which is not addressed in prerequisite algebra courses. We suggest that for more students to understand and adopt the mathematical thinking characteristic of physics, instructors and education researchers must explore how to make mathematization a more explicit part of the curriculum.