Hydrogen Fluoride toward Luminous Nearby Galaxies: NGC 253 and NGC 4945

Abstract: We present the detection of hydrogen fluoride, HF, in two luminous nearby galaxies NGC 253 and NGC 4945 using the Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared (HIFI) on board the Herschel Space Observatory. The HF line toward NGC 253 has a P-Cygni profile, while an asymmetric absorption profile is seen toward NGC 4945. The P-Cygni profile in NGC 253 suggests an outflow of molecular gas with a mass of M(H$2$)${out}$ $\sim$ 1 $\times$ 10$^7$ M$\odot$ and an outflow rate as large as .{M} $\sim$ 6.4 M$\odot$ yr$^{-1}$. In the case of NGC 4945, the axisymmetric velocity components in the HF line profile is compatible with the interpretation of a fast-rotating nuclear ring surrounding the nucleus and the presence of inflowing gas. The gas falls into the nucleus with an inflow rate of $\le$ 1.2 M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$, inside a inner radius of $\le$ 200 pc. The gas accretion rate to the central AGN is much smaller, suggesting that the inflow can be triggering a nuclear starburst. From these results, the HF $J = 1-0$ line is seen to provide an important probe of the kinematics of absorbing material along the sight-line to nearby galaxies with bright dust continuum and a promising new tracer of molecular gas in high-redshift galaxies.