Some remarks on diophantine equations and diophantine approximation (1312.7200v1)

Abstract: We first recall the connection, going back to A. Thue, between rational approximation to algebraic numbers and integer solutions of some Diophantine equations. Next we recall the equivalence between several finiteness results on various Diophantine equations. We also give many equivalent statements of Mahler's generalization of the fundamental theorem of Thue. In particular, we show that the theorem of Thue--Mahler for degree $3$ implies the theorem of Thue--Mahler for arbitrary degree $\ge3$, and we relate it with a theorem of Siegel on the rational integral points of the projective line $\P^1(K)$ minus $3$ points. Finally we extend our study to higher dimensional spaces in connection with Schmidt's Subspace Theorem.