Gogny D1M Effective Interaction
- Gogny D1M is a parametrization of the finite-range, density-dependent force used in self-consistent HFB calculations to reproduce binding energies and charge radii.
- It employs a two-Gaussian central form with a zero-range density-dependent and spin–orbit term, naturally generating both particle–hole and pairing fields.
- D1M demonstrates robust performance in finite nucleus, fission, and beyond-mean-field studies, though its softer neutron matter equation of state has inspired reparametrizations for astrophysical use.
to=arxiv_search.search 银航json {"10query10 D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10", "10max_results10 10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10query10} to=arxiv_search.search _国产json {"10query10 or (Rodriguez-Guzman et al., 2010) or (Martini et al., 2018) Gogny D1M10", "10max_results10 10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10query10} to=arxiv_search.search 天天彩票中大奖json {"10query10 state octupole correlation energies with effective forces10\10 OR 10\10 field study of structural changes in Pt isotopes with the Gogny interaction10\10 OR 10\10 finite-size instabilities with Gogny-type interactions10\10 "10max_results10 10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10query10} to=arxiv_search.search 全民彩票天天送钱json {"10query10 Gogny D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M", "10max_results10 10max_results10} The Gogny D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M effective interaction is a parametrization of the finite-range, density-dependent Gogny force used in self-consistent Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov calculations of nuclear structure. Within the D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10^ family, D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M was adjusted to reproduce all known nuclear binding energies using HFB, supplemented by an approximate rotational energy correction and an approximate zero-point energy correction associated with quadrupole motion, while also constraining charge radii and requiring a realistic symmetric and neutron-matter equation of state; the resulting global mass fit achieved an rms deviation of 10query10.10\10 OR \10^ MeV (&&&10query10&&&). In subsequent applications, D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M has been used as a global Gogny energy density functional for mean-field, beyond-mean-field, fission, spectroscopic, and astrophysical studies, with the same finite-range interaction generating both the particle–hole and pairing fields (&&&10(Robledo, 2014) or (Rodriguez-Guzman et al., 2010) or (Martini et al., 2018) Gogny D1M10&&&).
10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10. Historical placement and fitting rationale
D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M was introduced as a successor to earlier Gogny parametrizations such as D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10S and D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10N, with an explicit emphasis on global mass reproduction and realistic matter properties. In the fission literature, it is described as a parametrization designed to improve global nuclear mass predictions relative to D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10S while maintaining good spectroscopic performance, and as curing the “mass drift” of D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10S in heavy nuclei and improving PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10query10^ values (&&&10max_results10&&&). In large-scale fission benchmarks, D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M is further characterized as fitted to realistic neutron matter and to the binding energies of all known nuclei, achieving a global rms of 10query10.10\10 OR \10 OR \10^ MeV (&&&10(Robledo, 2014) or (Rodriguez-Guzman et al., 2010) or (Martini et al., 2018) Gogny D1M10&&&).
The fit strategy is central to the identity of D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M. One strand of the literature emphasizes that the parameters were adjusted to reproduce all known nuclear binding energies with HFB, supplemented by approximate rotational and quadrupole zero-point corrections, in the spirit of a 10max_results10D Bohr Hamiltonian (&&&10query10&&&). Another strand stresses that the fit also incorporated a realistic neutron-matter equation of state and charge radii, making D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M simultaneously a mass model and a constrained effective interaction for bulk matter (&&&10max_results10&&&). This construction explains why D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M is often chosen when binding-energy systematics, neutron-rich nuclei, or heavy-nucleus fission are the primary targets.
A recurring conclusion across applications is that D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M preserves the characteristic robustness of the Gogny framework. In Pt isotopes, D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M yields results extremely similar to those of D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10S and D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10N, with only modest quantitative differences traceable to pairing strength and barrier heights (&&&10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10&&&). In octupole-correlation studies, the qualitative and quantitative conclusions obtained with D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M are reported to be similar to those found with D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10S and D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10N (&&&10query10&&&). This suggests that D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M is best understood not as a radical departure from the Gogny tradition, but as a refit that shifts the balance toward global masses and matter constraints.
10max_results10. Formal structure of the interaction
D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M retains the standard Gogny operator structure: two finite-range Gaussian central terms with spin- and isospin-exchange operators, a zero-range density-dependent term, and a zero-range spin–orbit term; in finite nuclei, the Coulomb interaction is included for protons (&&&10query10&&&). In conventional notation, the two-body interaction is written as
PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10^
with PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10max_results10^ and PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10query10^ the spin and isospin exchange operators, PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10(Robledo, 2014) or (Rodriguez-Guzman et al., 2010) or (Martini et al., 2018) Gogny D1M10^ the Gaussian ranges, PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10max_results10^ the local density, and PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10query10^ the relative-momentum operators acting to the right and left (&&&10query10&&&).
The D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M parameter set reported in later Gogny neutron-star work is
PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10\10^
PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10 OR \10^
PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10 OR \10^
PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10query10^
(&&&10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10query10&&&). The literature also writes the density-dependent exchange coefficient as PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10^ rather than PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10max_results10; both notations appear in Gogny papers collected here.
A defining technical feature of the Gogny architecture is that the same finite-range interaction generates both the mean field and the pairing field. In HFB applications with D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M, no separate pairing force is introduced, and the finite range makes the pairing tensor finite and naturally regulates ultraviolet behavior (&&&10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10(Robledo, 2014) or (Rodriguez-Guzman et al., 2010) or (Martini et al., 2018) Gogny D1M10&&&). This aspect distinguishes D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M from functionals in which pairing is appended phenomenologically.
10query10. Nuclear-matter properties and global EDF character
The bulk properties of D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M at saturation are explicitly tabulated in unified neutron-star calculations: saturation density PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10query10, energy per particle PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10(Robledo, 2014) or (Rodriguez-Guzman et al., 2010) or (Martini et al., 2018) Gogny D1M10, incompressibility PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10max_results10, isoscalar effective mass PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10query10, symmetry energy PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10\10, symmetry energy at PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10 OR \10^ of PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10 OR \10, and slope parameter PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10max_results10query10^ (&&&10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10query10&&&). These numbers are consistent with the broader characterization of D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M as a Gogny functional that combines good finite-nucleus performance with a realistic symmetric and neutron-matter equation of state (&&&10query10&&&).
The same body of work also identifies a limitation: D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M produces a rather soft equation of state in neutron matter, and in neutron-star applications this softness leads to a maximum mass of about PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10max_results10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10, below the observational value of two solar masses (&&&10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10query10&&&). Earlier astrophysical discussions make the same point more generally for D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10S, D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10N, and D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M, noting that the common problem is a too soft neutron-matter equation of state at high density (&&&10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10 OR \10&&&). The issue is therefore not a defect of D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M in finite nuclei, but a tension between finite-nucleus calibration and the high-density isovector sector.
This limitation motivated reparametrizations derived from D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M. D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M* and D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M** were constructed by modifying the finite-range strengths so as to stiffen the symmetry energy density dependence while preserving the good properties of D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M in finite nuclei (&&&10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10 OR \10&&&, &&&10max_results10query10&&&, &&&10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10query10&&&). The reparametrization strategy kept PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10max_results10max_results10, PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10max_results10query10, and the spin–orbit strength fixed, constrained symmetric-matter properties and pairing combinations to remain equal to D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M, and used the remaining freedom to increase PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10max_results10(Robledo, 2014) or (Rodriguez-Guzman et al., 2010) or (Martini et al., 2018) Gogny D1M10^ (&&&10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10 OR \10&&&). The relation between D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M and D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M* is therefore structural: D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M* is best viewed as a targeted isovector modification of D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M rather than an unrelated force.
10(Robledo, 2014) or (Rodriguez-Guzman et al., 2010) or (Martini et al., 2018) Gogny D1M10. Mean-field and beyond-mean-field implementation
D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M is used within the constrained HFB framework in both axial and triaxial spaces. In representative calculations, the HFB equations are solved in a harmonic-oscillator basis with a gradient method to locate minima, with constraints imposed on multipole operators such as PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10max_results10max_results10, PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10max_results10query10, and PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10max_results10\10^ (&&&10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10&&&). In octupole applications, a family of axially symmetric HFB states PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10max_results10 OR \10^ is generated by varying the axial octupole moment, and the constrained energy
PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10max_results10 OR \10^
is used to determine whether the ground state spontaneously breaks reflection symmetry (&&&10query10&&&).
Beyond mean field, D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M has been employed in parity restoration and in Generator Coordinate Method calculations. For parity projection one evaluates
PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10query10query10^
while in the GCM the collective state is written as
PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10query10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10^
with the weights determined by the Hill–Wheeler equation (&&&10query10&&&). In more elaborate quadrupole–octupole studies, D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M is combined with parity restoration and symmetry-conserving GCM in two collective coordinates, using mixed-density or projected-density prescriptions for the density-dependent term (&&&10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10(Robledo, 2014) or (Rodriguez-Guzman et al., 2010) or (Martini et al., 2018) Gogny D1M10&&&).
This methodology has two implications for the interpretation of D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M. First, the parametrization is routinely deployed not only as a static mean-field interaction but as a building block for correlation energies, negative-parity excitations, and collective amplitudes. Second, the density dependence of Gogny forces requires explicit care in symmetry restoration and configuration mixing, a point repeatedly emphasized in the D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M literature [(&&&10query10&&&); (&&&10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10(Robledo, 2014) or (Rodriguez-Guzman et al., 2010) or (Martini et al., 2018) Gogny D1M10&&&)].
10max_results10. Finite-nucleus applications and empirical performance
In large-scale octupole studies over 10 OR \10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10 OR \10^ even–even nuclei from oxygen to copernicium, D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M yields modest but non-negligible octupole correlation energies: the mean-field octupole energy gain does not exceed about PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10query10max_results10^ MeV, parity-restored correlation energies reach up to about PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10query10query10^ MeV, and full octupole GCM correlation energies reach up to about PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10query10(Robledo, 2014) or (Rodriguez-Guzman et al., 2010) or (Martini et al., 2018) Gogny D1M10^ MeV (&&&10query10&&&). When these correlations are added to binding energies, they tend to shift theoretical curves upward almost uniformly, with only minor local improvements; the too-large shell gaps predicted by self-consistent mean-field models are not quenched (&&&10query10&&&). The specific conclusion is that octupole correlations do not affect in a significant way the trend and systematic of binding energies.
In Pt isotopes, D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M reproduces the same qualitative and nearly the same quantitative mean-field structural systematics as D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10S and D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10N. The robust picture reported there is: PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10query10max_results10Pt prolate ground states, PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10query10query10Pt triaxial PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10query10\10-soft ground states, PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10query10 OR \10Pt oblate ground states, and PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10query10 OR \10Pt spherical (&&&10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10&&&). The differences relative to D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10S are limited to slightly lower spherical barrier heights and stronger pairing, the latter leading to somewhat smaller Thouless–Valatin moments of inertia (&&&10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10&&&). This close agreement is one of the clearest demonstrations that D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M preserves Gogny spectroscopic systematics outside the mass-fit dataset.
Fission applications extend the range of validation. For uranium isotopes PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10(Robledo, 2014) or (Rodriguez-Guzman et al., 2010) or (Martini et al., 2018) Gogny D1M10query10U, D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M is benchmarked against available experimental data on inner and second barrier heights, excitation energies of the fission isomers, and half-lives, and is concluded to represent a reasonable starting point to describe fission in heavy and superheavy nuclei (&&&10(Robledo, 2014) or (Rodriguez-Guzman et al., 2010) or (Martini et al., 2018) Gogny D1M10&&&). For plutonium isotopes PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10(Robledo, 2014) or (Rodriguez-Guzman et al., 2010) or (Martini et al., 2018) Gogny D1M10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10Pu, D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M is again described as a reasonable starting point for microscopic fission, with the important caveat that absolute spontaneous-fission half-lives are extremely sensitive to pairing strength and collective inertia (&&&10max_results10&&&). In both uranium and plutonium studies, the trends with neutron number are reproduced more reliably than the absolute values.
D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M has also served as the microscopic input to mapped spectroscopic models. In odd-odd PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10(Robledo, 2014) or (Rodriguez-Guzman et al., 2010) or (Martini et al., 2018) Gogny D1M10max_results10Cs, constrained Gogny-D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M HFB calculations provide the PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10(Robledo, 2014) or (Rodriguez-Guzman et al., 2010) or (Martini et al., 2018) Gogny D1M10query10-deformation energy surfaces of the even-even Xe cores, as well as single-particle energies and occupation probabilities, which are then mapped to an interacting boson–fermion–fermion Hamiltonian (&&&10query10max_results10&&&). This use underscores a broader role of D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M: it is not only a direct HFB interaction, but also a generator of microscopic structure inputs for algebraic or collective Hamiltonians.
10query10. Stability, misconceptions, and descendant parametrizations
A recurrent misconception is to transfer the finite-size-instability discussion of D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M* to D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M itself. The linear-response study of Gogny-type interactions reports that D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M performs better than D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M* and D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10N in the scalar–isovector channel, and finite-nucleus tests confirm the absence of spurious behavior for D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M (&&&10max_results10&&&). In coordinate-space calculations for PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10(Robledo, 2014) or (Rodriguez-Guzman et al., 2010) or (Martini et al., 2018) Gogny D1M10(Robledo, 2014) or (Rodriguez-Guzman et al., 2010) or (Martini et al., 2018) Gogny D1M10Pb, PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10(Robledo, 2014) or (Rodriguez-Guzman et al., 2010) or (Martini et al., 2018) Gogny D1M10max_results10Sn, and PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10(Robledo, 2014) or (Rodriguez-Guzman et al., 2010) or (Martini et al., 2018) Gogny D1M10query10He, D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M converges and yields physically reasonable proton and neutron densities (&&&10max_results10&&&). The instability problem identified in 10max_results10query10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10 OR \10^ is therefore specific to D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M* and, to a lesser extent, D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10N, not to D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M.
The subsequent comment on D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M* sharpened that distinction. It independently confirmed the existence of a finite-size instability for D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M* in coordinate-space calculations, but also showed that harmonic-oscillator-basis calculations—the standard framework for Gogny forces—are robust, and that beyond-mean-field GCM calculations with D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M* remain stable and yield results very close to D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M (&&&10query10 OR \10&&&). For D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M itself, the same comment presents consistent HO-basis and mesh binding energies for doubly magic nuclei, reinforcing the view that D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M is a stable reference within the Gogny family.
In astrophysical work, the D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M descendants D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M* and D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M** were introduced precisely because D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M is too soft in neutron matter, not because it is unreliable in finite nuclei (&&&10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10 OR \10&&&, &&&10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10query10&&&). D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M* raises the symmetry-energy slope to PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10(Robledo, 2014) or (Rodriguez-Guzman et al., 2010) or (Martini et al., 2018) Gogny D1M10\10^ MeV and D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M** to PRESERVED_PLACEHOLDER_10(Robledo, 2014) or (Rodriguez-Guzman et al., 2010) or (Martini et al., 2018) Gogny D1M10 OR \10^ MeV, producing maximum neutron-star masses around two solar masses while preserving D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M-like finite-nucleus performance (&&&10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10query10&&&). A plausible implication is that D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M remains the reference Gogny parametrization when global finite-nucleus structure is the priority, whereas D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M* and D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M** are specialized extensions for neutron-star applications.
Taken together, the literature presents D10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10M as a global Gogny effective interaction with a canonical two-Gaussian finite-range structure, a density-dependent zero-range term, and a zero-range spin–orbit term; a fit protocol centered on masses, radii, and matter constraints; strong performance in mean-field and beyond-mean-field finite-nucleus calculations; and a well-defined limitation in the high-density isovector sector that later reparametrizations sought to remedy [(&&&10query10&&&); (&&&10(Robledo, 2014) or (Rodriguez-Guzman et al., 2010) or (Martini et al., 2018) Gogny D1M10&&&); (&&&10Gogny D1M effective interaction D1M Gogny arXiv10query10&&&)].