Matrix Kloosterman Sums, Random Matrix Statistics, and Cryptography

Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive study of matrix Kloosterman sums, including their computational aspects, distributional behavior, and applications in cryptographic analysis. Building on the work of [Zelingher, 2023], we develop algorithms for evaluating these sums via Green's polynomials and establish a general framework for analyzing their statistical distributions. We further investigate the associated $L$-functions and clarify their relationships with symmetric functions and random matrix theory. We show that, analogous to the eigenvalue statistics of random matrices in compact Lie groups such as $SU(n)$ and $Sp(2n)$, the normalized values of matrix Kloosterman sums exhibit Sato-Tate equidistribution. Finally, we apply this framework to distinguish truly random sequences from those exhibiting subtle algebraic biases, and we propose a novel spectral test for cryptographic security based on the distributional signatures of matrix Kloosterman sums.