Positive combinatorial formulae for involution matrix loci and orbit harmonics (2507.11747v1)

Abstract: Let $\mathcal{M}{n,a}$ be the set consisting of involutions in symmetric group $\mathfrak{S}_n$ with exactly $a$ fixed points and apply the orbit harmonics method to obtain a graded $\mathfrak{S}_n$-module $R(\mathcal{M}{n,a})$. Liu, Ma, Rhoades, and Zhu figured out a signed combinatorial formula for the graded Frobenius image $\grFrob(R(\MMM_{n,a});q)$ of $R(\MMM_{n,a})$. Our goal is to cancel these signs. Finally, we find two positive combinatorial formulae for $\mathrm{grFrob}(R(\mathcal{M}{n,a});q)$, yielding potential ways to find a linear basis for $R(\mathcal{M}{n,a})$ and find a statistic $\mathrm{stat}:\mathcal{M}{n,a}\rightarrow\mathbb{Z}{\ge 0}$ to interpret the Hilbert series $\mathrm{Hilb}(R(\mathcal{M}{n,a});q)$ of $R(\mathcal{M}{n,a})$.