Dynamically emergent correlations in a Brownian gas with diffusing diffusivity (2506.20859v1)

Abstract: We study a gas of $N$ Brownian particles in the presence of a common stochastic diffusivity $D(t)=B^2(t)$, where $B(t)$ represents a one-dimensional Brownian motion at time $t$. Starting with all the particles from the origin, the gas expands ballistically. We show that because of the common stochastic diffusivity, the expanding gas gets dynamically correlated, and the joint probability density function of the position of the particles has a conditionally independent and identically distributed (CIID) structure that was recently found in several other systems. The special CIID structure allows us to compute the average density profile of the gas, extreme and order statistics, gap distribution between successive particles, and the full counting statistics (FCS) that describes the probability density function (PDF) $H(\kappa, t)$ of the fraction of particles $\kappa$ in a given region $[-L,L]$. Interestingly, the position fluctuation of the central particles and the average density profiles are described by the same scaling function. The PDF describing the FCS has an essential singularity near $\kappa=0$, indicating the presence of particles inside the box $[-L,L]$ at all times. Near the upper limit $\kappa =1$, the scaling function $H(\kappa,t)$ has a rather unusual behavior: $H(\kappa,t)\sim (1-\kappa)^{\beta(t)}$ where the exponent $\beta(t)$ changes continuously with time. While at early times $\beta(t)<0$ indicating a divergence of $H(\kappa,t)$ as $\kappa\to 1$, $\beta(t)$ becomes positive for $t>t_c$ where $t_c$ is computed exactly. For $t>t_c$, the scaling function $H(\kappa,t)$ vanishes as $\kappa\to 1$, indicating that it is highly unlikely to have all the particles in the interval $[-L,L]$. Exactly at $t=t_c$, $\beta=0$, indicating that the PDF approaches a non-zero constant as $\kappa\to 1$. Thus, as a function of $t$, the FCS exhibits an interesting shape transition.