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Text Generation Beyond Discrete Token Sampling (2505.14827v2)

Published 20 May 2025 in cs.CL and cs.AI

Abstract: In standard autoregressive generation, an LLM predicts the next-token distribution, samples a discrete token, and then discards the distribution, passing only the sampled token as new input. To preserve this distribution's rich information, we propose Mixture of Inputs (MoI), a training-free method for autoregressive generation. After generating a token following the standard paradigm, we construct a new input that blends the generated discrete token with the previously discarded token distribution. Specifically, we employ a Bayesian estimation method that treats the token distribution as the prior, the sampled token as the observation, and replaces the conventional one-hot vector with the continuous posterior expectation as the new model input. MoI allows the model to maintain a richer internal representation throughout the generation process, resulting in improved text quality and reasoning capabilities. On mathematical reasoning, code generation, and PhD-level QA tasks, MoI consistently improves performance across multiple models including QwQ-32B, Nemotron-Super-49B, Gemma-3-27B, and DAPO-Qwen-32B, with no additional training and negligible computational overhead.

Summary

Text Generation Beyond Discrete Token Sampling

The paper "Text Generation Beyond Discrete Token Sampling" presents a novel approach to autoregressive text generation with LLMs that mitigates the constraints imposed by standard discrete token sampling. It introduces the Mixture of Inputs (MoI) strategy, which seeks to preserve the rich distributional information typically discarded in conventional token sampling processes.

Core Contribution: Mixture of Inputs (MoI)

MoI addresses a significant limitation in autoregressive generation where LLMs discard the full distribution of possible next tokens after sampling a discrete token. The MoI technique, designed to be training-free and implementation-friendly, combines both the discrete token and its distribution into a single input for the following prediction step. This is accomplished using Bayesian estimation, which treats the token distribution as the prior and the sampled token as an observation, merging these into a continuous posterior expectation. This integration uses a weighted average of embedding vectors rather than a simple one-hot encoding, allowing the model to maintain diverse probabilistic information and improve text generation quality and reasoning capabilities.

Experimental Evaluation

The approach is rigorously validated across multiple reasoning tasks including mathematical problems, code generation, and PhD-level question answering, demonstrating performance enhancements in LLMs such as QwQ-32B and Nemotron-Super-49B without additional computational overhead. Notably, MoI showed a consistent improvement in accuracy across these diverse tasks, with gains averaging 1.8% over typical generation methods. Additionally, MoI's applicability spans both medium and large-scale models, reinforcing its broad utility and flexibility in enhancing LLM capabilities.

Comparative Analysis

The paper compares MoI with traditional sampling techniques and a baseline approach where only the output distribution is used as the input representation. The latter often results in performance degradation, highlighting the necessity of integrating both the discrete token and its context. This underlines MoI’s effectiveness in not only preserving important distributional nuances but also maintaining the selected token’s integrity, which traditional methods may overlook.

Implications and Future Directions

The implications of MoI extend beyond immediate improvements in generation tasks. By more accurately reflecting the fluid and multidimensional nature of human cognition, MoI sets a precedent for further exploration into cognitive-inspired AI architectures. Future work may explore dynamic adaptation of the Bayesian framework used in MoI, fine-tuning its parameters across specific tasks to optimize the interaction between discrete and distributed representations.

Moreover, MoI's simple integration into existing systems signals the growing interest in enhancing model inference techniques without necessitating arduous model retraining. This paper's findings encourage continued investigation into other training-free augmentation strategies and their potential in expanding LLM functionalities in both constricted and open-ended environments.

In conclusion, "Text Generation Beyond Discrete Token Sampling" advances the discourse on LLM optimization, presenting a compelling case for integrating distributional information in autoregressive text generation, and paving the way for more sophisticated methodologies that resonate with human cognitive processes.

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