Unlocking the power of global quantum gates with machine learning

Abstract: In conventional circuit-based quantum computing architectures, the standard gate set includes arbitrary single-qubit rotations and two-qubit entangling gates. This choice is not always aligned with the native operations available in certain hardware, where the natural entangling gates are not restricted to two qubits but can act on multiple, or even all, qubits simultaneously. However, leveraging the capabilities of global quantum operations for algorithm implementations is highly challenging, as directly compiling local gate sequences into global gates usually gives rise to a quantum circuit that is more complex than the original one. Here, we circumvent this difficulty using a variational approach. Specifically, we study parameterized circuit ansatze composed of a finite number of global gates and layers of single-qubit unitaries. We demonstrate the expressibility of these ansatze and apply them to the problem of ground state preparation for the Heisenberg model and the toric code Hamiltonian, highlighting their potential for offering practical advantages.