Recovering chemical bimodalities in observed edge-on stellar disks: insights from AURIGA simulations (2409.07533v1)

Abstract: We assessed the ability to recover chemical bimodalities in integral-field spectroscopy (IFS) observations of edge-on galaxies, using 24 Milky Way-mass galaxies from the AURIGA zoom-in cosmological simulations. We first analyzed the distribution of single stellar particles in the [Mg/Fe] - [Fe/H] plane. Then we produced mock IFS [Mg/Fe] and [Fe/H] maps of galaxies seen edge on, and considered integrated stellar-population properties (projected and spatially binned). We investigated how the distribution of stars in the [Mg/Fe] - [Fe/H] plane is affected by edge-on projection and spatial binning. Bimodality is preserved while distributions change their shapes. Naturally, broad distributions of individual star particles are narrowed into smaller [Mg/Fe] and [Fe/H] ranges for spatial bins. We observe continuous distributions, bimodal in most cases. The overlap in [Fe/H] is small, and different [Mg/Fe] components show up as peaks instead of sequences (even when the latter are present for individual particles). The larger the spatial bins, the narrower the [Mg/Fe] - [Fe/H] distribution. This narrowing helps amplify the density of different [Mg/Fe] peaks, often leading to a clearer bimodality in mock IFS observations than for original star particles. We have also assessed the correspondence of chemical bimodalities with the distinction between geometric thick and thin disks. Their individual particles have different distributions but mostly overlap in [Mg/Fe] and [Fe/H]. However, integrated properties of geometric thick and thin disks in mock maps do mostly segregate into different regions of the [Mg/Fe] - [Fe/H] plane. In bimodal distributions, they correspond to the two distinct peaks. Our results show that this approach can be used for bimodality studies in future IFS observations of edge-on external galaxies.