Optical refractive index and spacetime geometry

Abstract: Classical mechanics and geometrical optics are deeply connected with each other. In this work, we generalize the analogy between these two disciplines to relativistic conditions. Using this analogy, we are able to make light follow the orbits of massive or massless particles in gravitational field, by designing a particular optical medium with a prescribed refractive index profile according to spacetime geometry. Furthermore, we build the dictionary that connects optical refractive index and spacetime metric, thus extending F = ma optics to the relativistic limit. The results shed light on the equivalence between the dielectric properties of optical media and the geometric structure of spacetime.