Mode Recombination Formula and Nonanalytic Term in Effective Potential at Finite Temperature on Compactified Space (2403.10775v2)

Abstract: We develop a new formula called a mode recombination formula, and we can recast the effective potential at finite temperature in one-loop approximation for fermion and scalar fields on the $D$-dimensional spacetime, $S_{\tau}^1 \times R^{D-(p+1)}\times\prod_{i=1}^pS_i^1$ into a convenient form for discussing nonanalytic terms, which cannot be written in the form of any positive integer power of the field-dependent mass squared, in the effective potential. The formula holds irrespective of whether the field is a fermion or a scalar and of boundary conditions for spatial $S_i^1$ directions and clarifies the importance of zero modes in the Matsubara and Kaluza-Klein modes for the existence of the nonanalytic terms. The effective potential is drastically simplified further to obtain the nonanalytic terms in easier and more transparent way. In addition to reproducing previous results, we find that there exists no nonanalytic term for the fermion field with arbitrary boundary condition for the spatial $S_i^1$ direction, which is also the case for the scalar field with the antiperiodic boundary condition for the spatial direction.