Scalar curvature rigidity of the four-dimensional sphere (2402.12633v2)

Abstract: Let $(M,g)$ be a closed connected oriented (possibly non-spin) smooth four-dimensional manifold with scalar curvature bounded below by $n(n-1)$. In this paper, we prove that if $f$ is a smooth map of non-zero degree from $(M, g)$ to the unit four-sphere, then $f$ is an isometry. Following ideas of Gromov, we use $\mu$-bubbles and a version with coefficients of the rigidity of the three-sphere to rule out the case of strict inequality. Our proof of rigidity is based on the harmonic map heat flow coupled with the Ricci flow.