High-cadence Timing of Binary Pulsars with CHIME (2402.08188v1)

Abstract: We performed near-daily observations on the binary pulsars PSR J0218+4232, PSR J1518+4904 and PSR J2023+2853 with the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME). For the first time, we detected the Shapiro time delay in all three pulsar-binary systems, using only 2--4 years of CHIME/Pulsar timing data. We measured the pulsar masses to be $1.49^{+0.23}_{-0.20}$ M$\odot$, $1.470^{+0.030}{-0.034}$ M$\odot$ and $1.50^{+0.49}{-0.38}$ M$\odot$ respectively. The companion mass to PSR J0218+4232 was found to be $0.179^{+0.018}{-0.016}$ M$\odot$. We constrained the mass of the neutron-star companion of PSR J1518+4904 to be $1.248^{+0.035}{-0.029}$ M$\odot$, using the observed apsidal motion as a constraint on mass estimation. The binary companion to PSR J2023+2853 was found to have a mass of $0.93^{+0.17}{-0.14}$ M$\odot$; in the context of the near-circular orbit, this mass estimate suggests that the companion to PSR J2023+2853 is likely a high-mass white dwarf. By comparing the timing model obtained for PSR J0218+4232 with previous observations, we found a significant change in the observed orbital period of the system of $\dot{P{\rm b}} = 0.14(2) \times 10^{-12}$; we determined that this variation arises from ``Shklovskii acceleration" due to relative motion of the binary system, and used this measurement to estimate a distance of $d=(6.7 \pm 1.0)$ kpc to PSR J0218+4232. This work demonstrates the capability of high-cadence observations, enabled by the CHIME/Pulsar system, to detect and refine general-relativistic effects of binary pulsars over short observing timescales.