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Relativistic perturbation theory for black-hole boson clouds (2309.10021v2)

Published 18 Sep 2023 in gr-qc and hep-th

Abstract: We develop a relativistic perturbation theory for scalar clouds around rotating black holes. We first introduce a relativistic product and corresponding orthogonality relation between modes, extending a recent result for gravitational perturbations. We then derive the analog of time-dependent perturbation theory in quantum mechanics, and apply it to calculate self-gravitational frequency shifts. This approach supersedes the non-relativistic "gravitational atom" approximation, brings close agreement with numerical relativity, and has practical applications for gravitational-wave astronomy.

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