Papers
Topics
Authors
Recent
Search
2000 character limit reached

Getting the Most from Eye-Tracking: User-Interaction Based Reading Region Estimation Dataset and Models

Published 12 Jun 2023 in cs.HC and cs.LG | (2306.07455v1)

Abstract: A single digital newsletter usually contains many messages (regions). Users' reading time spent on, and read level (skip/skim/read-in-detail) of each message is important for platforms to understand their users' interests, personalize their contents, and make recommendations. Based on accurate but expensive-to-collect eyetracker-recorded data, we built models that predict per-region reading time based on easy-to-collect Javascript browser tracking data. With eye-tracking, we collected 200k ground-truth datapoints on participants reading news on browsers. Then we trained machine learning and deep learning models to predict message-level reading time based on user interactions like mouse position, scrolling, and clicking. We reached 27\% percentage error in reading time estimation with a two-tower neural network based on user interactions only, against the eye-tracking ground truth data, while the heuristic baselines have around 46\% percentage error. We also discovered the benefits of replacing per-session models with per-timestamp models, and adding user pattern features. We concluded with suggestions on developing message-level reading estimation techniques based on available data.

Definition Search Book Streamline Icon: https://streamlinehq.com
References (33)
  1. Understanding Within-Content Engagement through Pattern Analysis of Mouse Gestures. In Proceedings of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (Shanghai, China) (CIKM ’14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1439–1448. https://doi.org/10.1145/2661829.2661909
  2. The Economics of Recommender Systems: Evidence from a Field Experiment on MovieLens. arXiv preprint arXiv:2211.14219 (2022).
  3. Estimation of english skill with a mobile eye tracker. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing: Adjunct. 1777–1781.
  4. Remote eye tracking: State of the art and directions for future development. In Proc. of the 2006 Conference on Communication by Gaze Interaction (COGAIN). 12–17.
  5. Eye Tracking Analysis of Preferred Reading Regions on the Screen. In CHI ’10 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Atlanta, Georgia, USA) (CHI EA ’10). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 3307–3312. https://doi.org/10.1145/1753846.1753976
  6. G Cardillo. 2006. Holm-Sidak t-test: a routine for multiple t-test comparisons. Disponible en Matlab Central, en la página de la Red Mundial: http://www. mathworks. de/matlabcentral/fileexchange/12786 (Consultado el 22 de Noviembre 2009) (2006).
  7. What can a mouse cursor tell us more? Correlation of eye/mouse movements on web browsing. In CHI’01 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems. 281–282.
  8. Which eye tracker is right for your research? performance evaluation of several cost variant eye trackers. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society annual meeting, Vol. 60. SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA, 1240–1244.
  9. Evaluation of the Tobii EyeX Eye tracking controller and Matlab toolkit for research. Behavior research methods 49, 3 (2017), 923–946.
  10. Using browser interaction data to determine page reading behavior. In International conference on user modeling, adaptation, and personalization. Springer, 147–158.
  11. Que2Engage: Embedding-based Retrieval for Relevant and Engaging Products at Facebook Marketplace. Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2023 (2023).
  12. HierCat: Hierarchical Query Categorization from Weakly Supervised Data at Facebook Marketplace. In Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2023. 331–335.
  13. User see, user point: gaze and cursor alignment in web search. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems. 1341–1350.
  14. Improving searcher models using mouse cursor activity. In Proceedings of the 35th international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval. 195–204.
  15. On estimating recommendation evaluation metrics under sampling. In Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 35. 4147–4154.
  16. NimbleLearn: A Scalable and Fast Batch-mode Active Learning Approach. In 2021 International Conference on Data Mining Workshops (ICDMW). IEEE, 350–359.
  17. Virtual Reality System for Invasive Therapy. In 2021 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW). IEEE, 689–690.
  18. Multi-Objective Personalization in Multi-Stakeholder Organizational Bulk E-mail: A Field Experiment. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, CSCW2 (2022), 1–27.
  19. Learning to Ignore: A Case Study of Organization-Wide Bulk Email Effectiveness. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, CSCW1 (2021), 1–23.
  20. Joseph A Konstan and Ruoyan Kong. 2023. The Challenge of Organizational Bulk Email Systems: Models and Empirical Studies. In The Elgar Companion to Information Economics. Edward Elgar Publishing.
  21. Dmitry Lagun and Eugene Agichtein. 2015. Inferring searcher attention by jointly modeling user interactions and content salience. In Proceedings of the 38th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval. 483–492.
  22. A review of using eye-tracking technology in exploring learning from 2000 to 2012. Educational research review 10 (2013), 90–115.
  23. Intermittent learning: On-device machine learning on intermittently powered system. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 3, 4 (2019), 1–30.
  24. Towards measuring and inferring user interest from gaze. In Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web Companion. 525–533.
  25. Different Users, Different Opinions: Predicting Search Satisfaction with Mouse Movement Information. In Proceedings of the 38th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (Santiago, Chile) (SIGIR ’15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 493–502. https://doi.org/10.1145/2766462.2767721
  26. Moses Namara and Curtis John Laurence. 2019. What Do You See? An Eyetracking study of a Tailored Facebook Interface for Improved Privacy Support. In ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications (ETRA)(2019), Vol. 7.
  27. Rapid serial visual presentation: Degradation of inferential reading comprehension as a function of speed. International Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics 5, 4 (2018), 293–303.
  28. Eye-To-Eye: Towards Visualizing Eye Gaze Data. In 2020 24th International Conference Information Visualisation (IV). IEEE, 729–733.
  29. Keith Rayner and Monica S Castelhano. 2008. Eye movements during reading, scene perception, visual search, and while looking at print advertisements. (2008).
  30. Focus paragraph detection for online zero-effort queries: Lessons learned from eye-tracking data. In Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Conference Human Information Interaction and Retrieval. 301–304.
  31. Online product recommendation system by using eye gaze data. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Computing Advancements. 1–7.
  32. Group preference aggregation: A nash equilibrium approach. In 2016 IEEE 16th International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM). IEEE, 679–688.
  33. Gaze prediction for recommender systems. In Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems. 131–138.
Citations (5)

Summary

Paper to Video (Beta)

Whiteboard

No one has generated a whiteboard explanation for this paper yet.

Open Problems

We haven't generated a list of open problems mentioned in this paper yet.

Continue Learning

We haven't generated follow-up questions for this paper yet.

Collections

Sign up for free to add this paper to one or more collections.