Spatiotemporal vortex strings of light

Abstract: Light carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) holds unique properties and boosts myriad applications in diverse fields from micro- to macro-world. Endeavors have been made to manipulate the OAM in order to generate on-demand structured light and to explore novel properties of light. However, the generation of an ultrafast wave packet carrying numerous vortices with various OAM modes, that is vortex string, has been rarely explored and remains a significant challenge. Moreover, methods that enable parallel detection of all vortices in a vortex string are lacking. Here, we demonstrate that a vortex string with 28 spatiotemporal optical vortices (STOVs) can be successfully generated in an ultrafast wave packet. All STOVs in the string can be randomly or orderly arranged. The diffraction rules of STOV strings are also revealed theoretically and experimentally. Following these rules, the topological charges and positions of all STOVs in a vortex string can be easily recognized. The strategy for parallel generation and detection of STOV strings will open up exciting perspectives in STOV-based optical communications and also promote promising applications of the structured light in light-matter interaction, quantum information processing, etc.