A digraph version of the Friendship Theorem (2305.04058v1)

Abstract: The Friendship Theorem states that if in a party any pair of persons has precisely one common friend, then there is always a person who is everybody's friend and the theorem has been proved by Paul Erd\"{o}s, Alfr\'{e}d R\'{e}nyi, and Vera T. S\'{o}s in 1966. This paper was written in response to the question, ``What would happen if the hypothesis stating that any pair of persons has exactly one common friend were replaced with one stating that any pair of persons warms to exactly one person?". We call a digraph obtained in this way a friendship digraph. It is easy to check that a symmetric friendship digraph becomes a friendship graph if each directed cycle of length two is replaced with an edge. Based on this observation, one can say that a friendship digraph is a generalization of a friendship graph. In this paper, we provide a digraph formulation of the Friendship Theorem by defining friendship digraphs as those in which any two distinct vertices have precisely one common out-neighbor. We also establish a sufficient and necessary condition for the existence of friendship digraphs.