Oxygen abundances in the narrow line regions of Seyfert galaxies and the metallicity-luminosity relation (2301.07596v3)

Abstract: We present oxygen abundances relative to hydrogen (O/H) in the narrow line regions (NLRs) gas phases of Seyferts 1 (Sy 1s) and Seyferts 2 (Sy 2s) Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs). We used fluxes of the optical narrow emission line intensities [$3\,500<\lambda($\AA$)<7\,000$] of 561 Seyfert nuclei in the local universe ($z\lesssim0.31$) from the second catalog and data release (DR2) of the BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey, which focuses on the \textit{Swift}-BAT hard X-ray ($\gtrsim10$ keV) detected AGNs. We derived O/H from relative intensities of the emission lines via the strong-line methods. We find that the AGN O/H abundances are related to their hosts stellar masses and that they follow a downward redshift evolution. The derived O/H together with the hard X-ray luminosity ($L_{\rm X}$) were used to study the X-ray luminosity-metallicity ($L_{\rm X}$-$Z_{\rm NLR}$) relation for the first time in Seyfert galaxies. In contrast to the broad-line focused ($L_{\rm X}$-$Z_{\rm BLR}$) studies, we find that the $L_{\rm X}$-$Z_{\rm NLR}$ exhibit significant anti-correlations with the Eddington ratio ($\lambda_{\rm Edd}$) and these correlations vary with redshifts. This result indicates that the low-luminous AGNs are more actively undergoing Interstellar Medium (ISM) enrichment through star formation in comparison with the more luminous X-ray sources. Our results suggest that the AGN is somehow driving the galaxy chemical enrichment, as a result of the inflow of pristine gas that is diluting the metal rich gas, together with a recent cessation on the circumnuclear star-formation.