Transport and entanglement growth in long-range random Clifford circuits (2205.06309v3)

Abstract: Conservation laws can constrain entanglement dynamics in isolated quantum systems, manifest in a slowdown of higher R\'enyi entropies. Here, we explore this phenomenon in a class of long-range random Clifford circuits with U$(1)$ symmetry where transport can be tuned from diffusive to superdiffusive. We unveil that the different hydrodynamic regimes reflect themselves in the asymptotic entanglement growth according to $S(t) \propto t^{1/z}$, where the dynamical transport exponent $z$ depends on the probability $\propto r^{-\alpha}$ of gates spanning a distance $r$. For sufficiently small $\alpha$, we show that the presence of hydrodynamic modes becomes irrelevant such that $S(t)$ behaves similarly in circuits with and without conservation law. We explain our findings in terms of the inhibited operator spreading in U$(1)$-symmetric Clifford circuits, where the emerging light cones can be understood in the context of classical L\'evy flights. Our work sheds light on the connections between Clifford circuits and more generic many-body quantum dynamics.