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Self-Supervised Learning Disentangled Group Representation as Feature

Published 28 Oct 2021 in cs.CV and cs.LG | (2110.15255v2)

Abstract: A good visual representation is an inference map from observations (images) to features (vectors) that faithfully reflects the hidden modularized generative factors (semantics). In this paper, we formulate the notion of "good" representation from a group-theoretic view using Higgins' definition of disentangled representation, and show that existing Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) only disentangles simple augmentation features such as rotation and colorization, thus unable to modularize the remaining semantics. To break the limitation, we propose an iterative SSL algorithm: Iterative Partition-based Invariant Risk Minimization (IP-IRM), which successfully grounds the abstract semantics and the group acting on them into concrete contrastive learning. At each iteration, IP-IRM first partitions the training samples into two subsets that correspond to an entangled group element. Then, it minimizes a subset-invariant contrastive loss, where the invariance guarantees to disentangle the group element. We prove that IP-IRM converges to a fully disentangled representation and show its effectiveness on various benchmarks. Codes are available at https://github.com/Wangt-CN/IP-IRM.

Citations (65)

Summary

  • The paper proposes IP-IRM, an algorithm that uses group theory to iteratively achieve disentangled representations in self-supervised learning by partitioning data based on semantic attributes.
  • Experimental results show IP-IRM achieves superior disentanglement metrics (DCI, IRS, MOD) and improves performance on downstream tasks like zero-shot generalization and domain shift compared to standard SSL.
  • The work bridges unsupervised disentanglement and SSL, suggesting group theory can advance representation learning and improve model interpretability and generalization.

Insights into the Paper: Self-Supervised Learning Disentangled Group Representation as Feature

The paper "Self-Supervised Learning Disentangled Group Representation as Feature" takes a novel approach by applying group theory to self-supervised learning (SSL) for the purpose of deriving disentangled representations. This approach addresses a gap in existing SSL techniques that typically fail to disentangle complex representations beyond simplistic features derived from augmentations like rotation and colorization.

Methodological Overview

The authors propose an algorithm named Iterative Partition-based Invariant Risk Minimization (IP-IRM) that iteratively partitions training data into subsets based on entangled semantic attributes. At each iteration, a subset-invariant contrastive loss is minimized to ensure that the disentanglement is achieved progressively. The core hypothesis is that by grounding abstract semantic groups into more concrete, learnable entities in a contrastive learning framework, a fully disentangled representation that mirrors underlying semantic attributes can be achieved.

Theoretical Justifications

The framework uses Higgins' definition of disentangled representations, which posits that a feature representation is mathematically characterized by its equivariance and decomposability under group actions. Here, the group actions refer to transformations in the semantic space, like turning a "red" semantic into "green." Disentanglement in this context implies that the representation space is structured such that changes in one semantic attribute do not unduly affect others. The paper demonstrates, both theoretically and experimentally, that IP-IRM can break down complex semantic attributes into their constituent parts in comparison to existing SSL strategies.

Experimental Results

In their empirical evaluation, the authors demonstrate that IP-IRM achieves superior disentanglement as measured by several established metrics such as DCI, IRS, MOD, and others. Noteworthy improvements in downstream tasks like zero-shot generalization and enhanced resilience to domain shifts underscore its practical applicability. SSL models enhanced with IP-IRM outperformed standard SSL models in classification tasks across several benchmark datasets, including Cifar100 and STL10.

Practical and Theoretical Implications

The implications of IP-IRM are substantial. From a practical standpoint, the algorithmic modification augments SSL methods, making them more applicable to nuanced tasks such as zero-shot learning and tasks involving domain adaptation. The disentangled representations promise improved model interpretability, as each feature contributes more directly to an identifiable semantic component. Theoretically, this work bridges a gap between unsupervised disentanglement methods and practical SSL, suggesting that principled mechanisms from group theory can bring about significant advancements in machine learning representation frameworks.

Future Directions

The promising results of this study point toward future explorations in how group theory could further refine representation learning architectures in SSL and beyond. Handling even more complex semantically entangled data, improving convergence rates, and applying similar frameworks to more diverse domains and tasks, such as NLP or time-series analysis, remain compelling directions. The integration of generative models alongside discrimination-based approaches could create models even more holistically aligned with the human understanding of semantic structure.

In conclusion, "Self-Supervised Learning Disentangled Group Representation as Feature" contributes a theoretically grounded and empirically validated method to advance the robustness and versatility of self-supervised learning through group-theoretic disentangled representation, paving the way for more generalized applications in AI.

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