Mid-infrared dispersion relations in InP based photonic crystal slabs revealed by Fourier-transform angle-resolved reflection spectroscopy

Abstract: Photonic crystals (PCs) offer unique ways to control light-matter interactions. The measurement of dispersion relations is a fundamental prerequisite if we are to create novel functionalities in PC devices. Angle-resolved spectroscopic techniques are commonly used for characterizing PCs that work in the visible and near-infrared regions. However, the techniques cannot be applied to the mid- and long-wavelength infrared regions due to the limited sensitivity of infrared detectors. Here, we propose an alternative approach to measuring infrared dispersion relations. We construct a high-precision angle-resolved setup compatible with a Fourier-transform spectrometer with an angle resolution as high as 0.3 degrees. Hence, the reflection spectra are mapped to the 2D photonic band structures of In(Ga,Al)As/InP based PC slabs, which are designed as mid-infrared PC surface-emitting lasers. We identify complex PC modes with the aid of polarization selection rules derived by the group theory. Spectral analysis makes it possible to evaluate the mode quality (Q) factors. Therefore, angle-resolved reflection is a useful way of optimizing 2D PC parameters for mid-infrared devices.