Uncertainty relations for the Hohenberg-Kohn theorem

Abstract: How does charge density constrain many-body wavefunctions in nature? The Hohenberg-Kohn theorem for non-relativistic, interacting many-body Schr\"odinger systems is well-known and was proved using \emph{reductio-ad-absurdum}; however, the physical mechanism or principle which enables this theorem in nature has not been understood. Here, we obtain effective canonical operators in the interacting many-body problem -- (i) the local electric field, which mediates interaction between particles, and contributes to the potential energy; and (ii) the particle momenta, which contribute to the kinetic energy. The commutation of these operators results in the charge density distribution. Thus, quantum fluctuations of interacting many-particle systems are constrained by charge density, providing a mechanism by which an external potential, by coupling to the charge density, tunes the quantum-mechanical many-body wavefunction. As an initial test, we obtain the functional form for total energy of interacting many-particle systems, and in the uniform density limit, find promising agreement with Quantum Monte Carlo simulations.