Hall Lie algebras of toric monoid schemes

Abstract: We associate to a projective $n$-dimensional toric variety $X_{\Delta}$ a pair of co-commutative (but generally non-commutative) Hopf algebras $H^{\alpha}_X, H^{T}_X$. These arise as Hall algebras of certain categories $\Coh^{\alpha}(X), \Coh^T(X)$ of coherent sheaves on $X_{\Delta}$ viewed as a monoid scheme - i.e. a scheme obtained by gluing together spectra of commutative monoids rather than rings. When $X_{\Delta}$ is smooth, the category $\Coh^T(X)$ has an explicit combinatorial description as sheaves whose restriction to each $\mathbb{A}^n$ corresponding to a maximal cone $\sigma \in \Delta$ is determined by an $n$-dimensional generalized skew shape. The (non-additive) categories $\Coh^{\alpha}(X), \Coh^T(X)$ are treated via the formalism of proto-exact/proto-abelian categories developed by Dyckerhoff-Kapranov. The Hall algebras $H^{\alpha}_X, H^{T}_X$ are graded and connected, and so enveloping algebras $H^{\alpha}_X \simeq U(\n^{\alpha}_X)$, $H^{T}_X \simeq U(\n^{T}_X)$, where the Lie algebras $\n^{\alpha}_X, \n^{T}_X$ are spanned by the indecomposable coherent sheaves in their respective categories. We explicitly work out several examples, and in some cases are able to relate $\n^T_X$ to known Lie algebras. In particular, when $X = \mathbb{P}^1$, $\n^T_X$ is isomorphic to a non-standard Borel in $\mathfrak{gl}_2 [t,t^{-1}]$. When $X$ is the second infinitesimal neighborhood of the origin inside $\mathbb{A}^2$, $\n^T_X$ is isomorphic to a subalgebra of $\mathfrak{gl}_2[t]$. We also consider the case $X=\mathbb{P}^2$, where we give a basis for $\n^T_X$ by describing all indecomposable sheaves in $\Coh^T(X)$.