Gopakumar-Vafa type invariants on Calabi-Yau 4-folds via descendent insertions

Abstract: The Gopakumar-Vafa type invariants on Calabi-Yau 4-folds (which are non-trivial only for genus zero and one) are defined by Klemm-Pandharipande from Gromov-Witten theory, and their integrality is conjectured. In a previous work of Cao-Maulik-Toda, $\mathrm{DT}_4$ invariants with primary insertions on moduli spaces of one dimensional stable sheaves are used to give a sheaf theoretical interpretation of the genus zero GV type invariants. In this paper, we propose a sheaf theoretical interpretation of the genus one GV type invariants using descendent insertions on the above moduli spaces. The conjectural formula in particular implies nontrivial constraints on genus zero GV type (equivalently GW) invariants of CY 4-folds which can be proved by the WDVV equation.