Weighted Hurwitz numbers, $τ$-functions and matrix integrals

Abstract: The basis elements spanning the Sato Grassmannian element corresponding to the KP $\tau$-function that serves as generating function for rationally weighted Hurwitz numbers are shown to be Meijer $G$-functions. Using their Mellin-Barnes integral representation the $\tau$-function, evaluated at the trace invariants of an externally coupled matrix, is expressed as a matrix integral. Using the Mellin-Barnes integral transform of an infinite product of $\Gamma$ functions, a similar matrix integral representation is given for the KP $\tau$-function that serves as generating function for quantum weighted Hurwitz numbers.