Regular polygonal equilibrium configurations on S^1 and stability of the associated relative equilibria

Abstract: For the curved n-body problem in S^3, we show that a regular polygonal configuration for n masses on a geodesic is an equilibrium configuration if and only if n is odd and the masses are equal. The equilibrium configuration is associated with a one-parameter family (depending on the angular velocity) of relative equilibria, which take place on S^1 embedded in S^2. We then study the stability of the associated relative equilibria on two invariant manifolds, T^*((\S^1)^n\D) and T^*((\S^2)^n\D). We show that they are Lyapunov stable on S^1, they are Lyapunov stable on S^2 if the absolute value of angular velocity is larger than a certain value, and that they are linearly unstable on S^2 if the absolute value of angular velocity is smaller than that certain value.