Bi-confluent Heun potentials for a stationary relativistic wave equation for a spinless particle (1902.02180v1)

Abstract: The variety of bi-confluent Heun potentials for a stationary relativistic wave equation for a spinless particle is presented. The physical potentials and energy spectrum of this wave equation are related to those for a corresponding Schr\"odinger equation in the sense that all the potentials derived for the latter equation are also applicable for the wave equation under consideration. We show that in contrast to the Schr\"odinger equation the characteristic spatial length of the potential imposes a restriction on the energy spectrum that directly reflects the uncertainty principle. Studying the inverse-square-root bi-confluent Heun potential, it is shown that the uncertainty principle limits, from below, the principal quantum number for the bound states, i.e., physically feasible states have an infimum cut so that the ground state adopts a higher quantum number as compared to the Schr\"odinger case.