Identities involving weighted Catalan, Schroder and Motzkin paths

Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the weighted Catalan, Motzkin and Schr\"oder numbers together with the corresponding weighted paths. The relation between these numbers is illustrated by three equations, which also lead to some known and new interesting identities. To show these three equations, we provide combinatorial proofs. One byproduct is to find a bijection between two sets of Catalan paths: one consisting of those with $k$ valleys, and the other consisting of $k$ $\mathbf{N}$ steps in even positions.