The k-metric dimension of graphs: a general approach

Abstract: Let $(X,d)$ be a metric space. A set $S\subseteq X$ is said to be a $k$-metric generator for $X$ if and only if for any pair of different points $u,v\in X$, there exist at least $k$ points $w_1,w_2, \ldots w_k\in S$ such that $d(u,w_i)\ne d(v,w_i),\; \mbox{\rm for all}\; i\in {1, \ldots k}.$ Let $\mathcal{R}_k(X)$ be the set of metric generators for $X$. The $k$-metric dimension $\dim_k(X)$ of $(X,d)$ is defined as $$\dim_k(X)=\inf{|S|:\, S\in \mathcal{R}_k(X)}.$$ Here, we discuss the $k$-metric dimension of $(V,d_t)$, where $V$ is the set of vertices of a simple graph $G$ and the metric $d_t:V\times V\rightarrow \mathbb{N}\cup {0}$ is defined by $d_t(x,y)=\min{d(x,y),t}$ from the geodesic distance $d$ in $G$ and a positive integer $t$. The case $t\ge D(G)$, where $D(G)$ denotes the diameter of $G$, corresponds to the original theory of $k$-metric dimension and the case $t=2$ corresponds to the theory of $k$-adjacency dimension. Furthermore, this approach allows us to extend the theory of $k$-metric dimension to the general case of non-necessarily connected graphs.