Optimal Quantum Thermometry by Dephasing

Abstract: Decoherence often happens in the quantum world. We try to utilize quantum dephasing to build an optimal thermometry. By calculating the Cram$\acute{e}$r-Rao bound, we prove that the Ramsey measurement is the optimal way to measure the temperature for uncorrelated particles. Using the optimal measurement, the metrological equivalence of product and maximally entangled states of initial quantum probes that always holds. However, using Ramsey measurement, the metrological equivalence only holds in special situation. Contrary to frequency estimation, the quantum limit can be surpassed under the case $\nu<1$. For the general Zeno regime($\nu=2$), uncorrelated product states are the optimal choose in typical Ramsey spectroscopy set-up. In order to surpass the standard scaling, we propose to change the interaction strength with time. Finally, we investigate other environmental influences on the measurement precision of temperature. Base on it, we define a new way to measure non-Markovian effect.