Vector bundles on curves coming from Variation of Hodge Structures

Abstract: Fujita's second theorem for K\"ahler fibre spaces over a curve asserts that the direct image $V$ of the relative dualizing sheaf splits as the direct sum $ V = A \oplus Q$, where $A$ is ample and $Q$ is unitary flat. We focus on our negative answer (\cite{cd}) to a question by Fujita: is $V$ semiample? We give here an infinite series of counterexamples using hypergeometric integrals and we give a simple argument to show that the monodromy representation is infinite. Our counterexamples are surfaces of general type with positive index, explicitly given as abelian coverings with group $(\mathbb Z/n)^2$ of a Del Pezzo surface of degree 5 (branched on a union of lines forming a bianticanonical divisor), and endowed with a semistable fibration with only $3$ singular fibres. The simplest such surfaces are the three ball quotients, already considered in joint work of I. Bauer and the first author, fibred over a curve of genus $2$, and with fibres of genus $4$. These examples are a larger class than the ones corresponding to Shimura curves in the moduli space of Abelian varieties.