Generalized Fubini-Study Metric and Fisher Information Metric

Abstract: We provide an experimentally measurable local gauge $U(1)$ invariant Fubini-Study (FS) metric for mixed states. Like the FS metric for pure states, it also captures only the quantum part of the uncertainty in the evolution Hamiltonian. We show that this satisfies the quantum Cramer-Rao bound and thus arrive at a more general and measurable bound. Upon imposing the monotonicity condition, it reduces to the square-root derivative quantum Fisher Information. We show that on the Fisher information metric space dynamical phase is zero. A relation between square root derivative and logarithmic derivative is formulated such that both give the same Fisher information. We generalize the Fubini-Study metric for mixed states further and arrive at a set of Fubini-Study metric---called $\alpha$ metric. This newly defined $\alpha$ metric also satisfies the Cramer-Rao bound. Again by imposing the monotonicity condition on this metric, we derive the monotone $\alpha$ metric. It reduces to the Fisher information metric for $\alpha=1$.