Demazure submodules of level-zero extremal weight modules and specializations of Macdonald polynomials

Abstract: In this paper, we give a characterization of the crystal bases $\mathcal{B}{x}^{+}(\lambda)$, $x \in W{\mathrm{af}}$, of Demazure submodules $V_{x}^{+}(\lambda)$, $x \in W_{\mathrm{af}}$, of a level-zero extremal weight module $V(\lambda)$ over a quantum affine algebra $U_{q}$, where $\lambda$ is an arbitrary level-zero dominant integral weight, and $W_{\mathrm{af}}$ denotes the affine Weyl group. This characterization is given in terms of the initial direction of a semi-infinite Lakshmibai-Seshadri path, and is established under a suitably normalized isomorphism between the crystal basis $\mathcal{B}(\lambda)$ of the level-zero extremal weight module $V(\lambda)$ and the crystal $\mathbb{B}^{\frac{\infty}{2}}(\lambda)$ of semi-infinite Lakshmibai-Seshadri paths of shape $\lambda$, which is obtained in our previous work. As an application, we obtain a formula expressing the graded character of the Demazure submodule $V_{w_0}^{+}(\lambda)$ in terms of the specialization at $t=0$ of the symmetric Macdonald polynomial $P_{\lambda}(x\,;\,q,\,t)$.