Tracing the Mass Growth and Star Formation Rate Evolution of Massive Galaxies from z~6 to z~1 in the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field

Abstract: We present an analysis of $\sim$1500 H160-selected photometric galaxies detected to a limiting magnitude of 27.8 in the HUDF, using imaging from the HST WFC3/IR camera in combination with archival UV, optical, and NIR imaging. We fit photometric redshifts and stellar population estimates for all galaxies with well-determined Spitzer IRAC fluxes, allowing for the determination of the cumulative mass function within the range $1<z\<6$. By selecting samples of galaxies at a constant cumulative number density, we explore the co-evolution of stellar masses and star formation rates from z$\sim$6. We find a steady increase in the SFRs of galaxies at constant number density from z$\sim$6 to z$\sim$3. The peak epoch of star formation is found to shift to later times for galaxies with increasing number densities, in agreement with the expectations from cosmic downsizing. The observed SFRs can fully account for the mass growth to z$\sim$2 amongst galaxies with cumulative number densities greater than 10$^{-3.5}$ Mpc$^{-3}$. For galaxies with a lower constant number density we find the observed stellar masses are $\sim$3 times greater than that which may be accounted for by the observed star formation alone at late times, implying that growth from mergers plays an important role at $z\<2$. We additionally observe a decreasing sSFR, equivalent to approximately one order of magnitude, from z$\sim$6 to z$\sim$2 amongst galaxies with number densities less than 10$^{-3.5}$ Mpc$^{-3}$ along with significant evidence that at any redshift the sSFR is higher for galaxies at higher number density. The combination of these findings can qualitatively explain the previous findings of a sSFR plateau at high redshift. Tracing the evolution of the fraction of quiescent galaxies for samples matched in cumulative number density over this redshift range, we find no unambiguous examples of quiescent galaxies at $z\>4$.