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Combining smart card data and household travel survey to analyze jobs-housing relationships in Beijing (1309.5993v1)

Published 23 Sep 2013 in cs.SI and physics.soc-ph

Abstract: Location Based Services (LBS) provide a new perspective for spatiotemporally analyzing dynamic urban systems. Research has investigated urban dynamics using GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), GPS (Global Positioning System), SNS (Social Networking Services) and Wi-Fi techniques. However, less attention has been paid to the analysis of urban structure (especially commuting pattern) using smart card data (SCD), which are widely available in most cities. Additionally, ubiquitous LBS data, although providing rich spatial and temporal information, lacks rich information on the social dimension, which limits its in-depth application. To bridge this gap, this paper combines bus SCD for a one-week period with a one-day household travel survey, as well as a parcel-level land use map to identify job-housing locations and commuting trip routes in Beijing. Two data forms (TRIP and PTD) are proposed, with PTD used for jobs-housing identification and TRIP used for commuting trip route identification. The results of the identification are aggregated in the bus stop and traffic analysis zone (TAZ) scales, respectively. Particularly, commuting trips from three typical residential communities to six main business zones are mapped and compared to analyze commuting patterns in Beijing. The identified commuting trips are validated on three levels by comparison with those from the survey in terms of commuting time and distance, and the positive validation results prove the applicability of our approach. Our experiment, as a first step toward enriching LBS data using conventional survey and urban GIS data, can obtain solid identification results based on rules extracted from existing surveys or censuses.

Citations (228)

Summary

  • The paper demonstrates that integrating smart card data with surveys yields detailed spatial and temporal insights into Beijing commuting patterns.
  • The methodology employs two data formats, TRIP and PTD, to accurately identify housing and job locations, validated by three levels of comparison with survey data.
  • Results reveal average commuting times of 36.0 minutes and distances of 8.2 km, providing actionable insights for urban planning and transit policy improvements.

Analysis of Jobs-Housing Relationships Using Smart Card and Survey Data in Beijing

The paper "Combining smart card data and household travel survey to analyze jobs-housing relationships in Beijing" by Ying Long and Jean-Claude Thill provides an in-depth exploration of urban commuting dynamics in Beijing. Smart card data (SCD), traditionally used for fare collection in public transit systems, is leveraged here to excavate detailed spatial and temporal patterns related to commuting, augmenting the insights gained from conventional travel surveys.

Methodology Overview

The research integrates a week-long dataset of bus SCD with results from a one-day household travel survey to identify housing and job locations and commuting trip routes in Beijing. The authors introduce two data formats, TRIP and position-time-duration (PTD), and employ PTD for identifying jobs-housing locations, while TRIP format assists in delineating commuting routes.

To validate the results, three levels of comparison with survey data were conducted focusing on commuting time and distance. This multi-faceted approach aims to demonstrate that SCD can serve as both a complement and a potential substitute for traditional travel surveys by offering more extensive and precise data over a shorter time frame.

Results and Discussion

The paper identified housing locations for 1,045,785 cardholders and job locations for 362,882, with 221,773 cardholders having both identifiers. This subset of individuals allows for the mapping of commuting trips. Notably, the paper identified that commuting times averaged 36.0 minutes, while the average commuting distance was 8.2 km, illustrating marked variance when compared to historical survey data.

Aggregated spatial analyses at both bus stop and Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) levels reveal a clustered commuting pattern, predominantly centripetal, indicating a significant flow into the central business districts. This detailed mapping is unprecedented at this scale for Beijing, offering nuanced insights into urban planning and transport policy implications, especially in addressing the city's tidal traffic and congestion.

Implications

The paper carries significant implications for urban planning and policy-making. By providing detailed, spatially-resolved data at a granularity beyond traditional survey methods, this research underscores the potential for SCD to inform on real-time urban dynamics and transport needs. Particularly, the insights into commuting patterns can guide the development of efficient public transit routes and policy interventions aimed at alleviating traffic congestion through targeted infrastructural investments or adjustments in transit schedules.

Future Directions

Acknowledging limitations, such as the absence of socioeconomic data in SCD and incomplete data from fixed-fare routes, the paper suggests future work that could incorporate metro system smart card data to provide a more holistic view of urban commuting dynamics. By refining methods to include an all-modal approach and expanding PTD applications, further work could develop more comprehensive insights into urban mobility and inform precise urban transport strategies.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this research sets a methodological benchmark for the use of smart card data in urban studies, effectively bridging the gap between traditional survey methods and contemporary spatiotemporal datasets available through smart card systems. It marks a significant stride toward reducing dependence on conventional survey data while enhancing our understanding of urban dynamics and providing actionable insights for urban transit systems in rapidly developing metropolises like Beijing.