Doubling of Entanglement Spectrum in Tensor Renormalization Group

Abstract: We investigate the entanglement spectrum in HOTRG ---tensor renormalization group (RG) method combined with the higher order singular value decomposition--- for two-dimensional (2D) classical vertex models. In the off-critical region, it is explained that the entanglement spectrum associated with the RG transformation is described by `doubling' of the spectrum of a corner transfer matrix. We then demonstrate that the doubling actually occurs for the square-lattice Ising model by HOTRG calculations up to $D = 64$, where $D$ is the cut-off dimension of tensors. At the critical point, we also find that a non-trivial $D$ scaling behavior appears in the entanglement entropy. We mention about the HOTRG for the 1D quantum system as well.