Galois coverings of moduli spaces of curves and loci of curves with symmetry

Abstract: Let $\ccM_{g,[n]}$, for $2g-2+n>0$, be the stack of genus $g$, stable algebraic curves, endowed with $n$ unordered marked points. Looijenga introduced the notion of Prym level structures in order to construct smooth projective Galois coverings of the stack $\ccM_{g}$. In \S 2 of this paper, we introduce the notion of Looijenga level structure which generalizes Looijenga construction and provides a tower of Galois coverings of $\ccM_{g,[n]}$ equivalent to the tower of all geometric level structures over $\ccM_{g,[n]}$. In \S 3, Looijenga level structures are interpreted geometrically in terms of moduli of curves with symmetry. A byproduct of this characterization is a simple criterion for their smoothness. As a consequence of this criterion, it is shown that Looijenga level structures are smooth under mild hypotheses. The second part of the paper, from \S 4, deals with the problem of describing the D-M boundary of level structures. In \S 6, a description is given of the nerve of the D-M boundary of abelian level structures. In \S 7, it is shown how this construction can be used to "approximate" the nerve of Looijenga level structures. These results are then applied to elaborate a new approach to the congruence subgroup problem for the Teichm\"uller modular group.