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How can prompt design steer role differentiation and coordination in LLM multi-agent systems?

Develop prompt-based steering methods to control the emergence of differentiated and complementary roles in multi-agent systems of large language model agents.

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Background

The paper demonstrates that prompt interventions (e.g., personas and theory-of-mind instructions) can shape internal coordination, yet the broader design principles for reliably steering role emergence across tasks and models are not established.

This open question concerns systematic prompt engineering strategies capable of inducing and stabilizing productive role differentiation and synergy in diverse multi-agent LLM settings.

References

While these principles likely apply to LLM-based collectives given the universality of the integration-segregation tradeoff, it remains unclear whether agents develop differentiated roles, whether such roles complement each other, how to steer it with prompts, and what role ToM capacity of models plays for collaboration.

— Emergent Coordination in Multi-Agent Language Models (2510.05174 - Riedl, 5 Oct 2025) in Related Work, Section: Related Work