Characterization of state transformations with non-commuting conserved charges

Characterize state transformations in the presence of non-commuting conserved charges, extending the thermodynamic state-transformation framework beyond mutually commuting charges.

Background

The paper establishes its transformation results only for mutually commuting conserved charges, for which the conserved observables admit a common eigenbasis and charge-preserving protocols can be constructed explicitly. Existing approaches to non-commuting charges approximate collective non-commuting charges by commuting observables and permit approximate charge conservation. A complete characterization without restricting to commuting charges therefore remains unresolved.