Attribute 159.4 MHz UEMR in a Starlink train to a specific satellite model

Ascertain which specific Starlink satellite model—version 1.5 or version 2 mini Ku-band—was responsible for the unintended electromagnetic radiation observed at 159.4 MHz within a closely spaced satellite train, where model attribution could not be resolved due to the satellites’ proximity.

Background

The paper compares current EDA2 results with earlier studies, including Grigg et al. (2023), which observed UEMR from a train of Starlink satellites at 159.4 MHz. That train contained both v1.5 and v2-mini Ku satellites in close formation, complicating model-specific attribution of the emissions.

Determining the responsible model is important for understanding emission mechanisms and for designing targeted mitigation strategies, particularly because different Starlink models (v1.5, v2-mini Ku, v2-mini DTC) exhibit distinct spectral and temporal behaviors across SKA-Low frequencies.