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General stability conditions and stability transfer from quotient to parent systems

Establish general conditions that guarantee the stability of cluster-synchronised solutions in multiplex and hypergraph dynamical systems, including criteria that ensure stability is preserved when lifting a synchronised solution from the quotient dynamics to the parent system.

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Background

The paper focuses on existence and explicitly does not address stability, noting that stability typically depends on coupling functions and parameter values. Although quotient dynamics provide a way to construct cluster-synchronised solutions, stability under non-uniform perturbations in the parent system is not guaranteed.

The authors therefore pose the stability problem: to identify general, system-level conditions ensuring that synchronised solutions are stable, and in particular to understand when stability can be transferred from quotient to parent dynamics.

References

Our results formalise and clarify the relationship between cluster synchronisation and equitability, including a new concept of dynamical stability, on networks, and higher-order networks, but several important open questions remain. These include fast and exhaustive algorithms to find equitable partitions in arbitrary multiplexes and hypergraphs; the realisation and ordering problem, that is, which equitable partitions and in which order they synchronise as we increase the coupling strength parameters (see for the network case); the stability question, that is, finding general conditions that guarantee the stability and a synchronised solution, for instance from a quotient to a parent solution; and an extension to non-identical dynamical units such as general multi-layer networks and to other synchronisation types beyond identical synchronisation.

Equitability and explosive synchronisation in multiplex and higher-order networks (2507.09319 - Kovalenko et al., 12 Jul 2025) in Conclusions