Establish whether fractional-order hardware is practically successful

Establish whether fractional-order hardware can succeed in neuromorphic systems by resolving the remaining bandwidth gap, low-frequency characterization gap, and absence of energy measurements.

Background

The review concludes that the central obstacle is not primarily the available fractional order: fabricated passive devices cover many task-optimal orders. Instead, the unresolved practical issues are whether devices can operate over the required low-frequency band, whether integrable devices can reach that regime, and whether their energy cost is competitive.

Without measurements addressing these issues, the field cannot determine whether fractional-order hardware offers a real advantage over integer-order heterogeneous or adaptive neuromorphic systems.