Resolve the endpoint \(p=1\) multiplier weak-type characterization

Determine whether \(w\in A_{(1,1),(q,\infty)}\) is sufficient for boundedness of \(M_\alpha:L_w^{1,1}(\mathbb R^d)\to L_w^{q,\infty}(\mathbb R^d)\), where \(q=d/(d-\alpha)\).

Background

At the endpoint p=1p=1, the paper proves that boundedness implies wA(1,1),(q,)w\in A_{(1,1),(q,\infty)}, while the classical class A1,qA_{1,q} is sufficient. The sufficiency of the larger Lorentz–Muckenhoupt class is unresolved; for α=0\alpha=0, this specializes to the Muckenhoupt–Wheeden problem.

References

The sufficiency of the larger class $A_{(1,1),(q,\infty)}$ is open.

Properties and applications of Lorentz--Muckenhoupt classes  (2608.17918 - Wang et al., 18 Aug 2026) in Proposition 4.19 (Proposition \ref{prop:P1E}), Section 4