Determine the existence of nonconstant ergodic harmonic functions on higher-dimensional lattices

Determine whether nontrivial ergodic harmonic functions on $\mathbb{Z}^d$ exist for dimensions $d\ge 3$.

Background

The paper explains that, for the real-valued Gaussian free field in dimensions d3d\ge 3, the existence of an ergodic Gibbs measure with infinite specific free energy is equivalent to the existence of a nontrivial ergodic harmonic function on Zd\mathbb{Z}^d.

This equivalence links an unresolved Gibbs-measure question to a problem in discrete potential theory. The authors note that such harmonic functions do not exist in two dimensions, but that their existence in dimensions at least three remains unresolved.

References

It has been proved that such harmonic functions do not exist in two dimensionsAppendix B (see also), but it remains open whether they exist in dimensions $d\ge 3$ (some related continuum objects have been shown to exist, even in two dimensions).

On the rigidity of sloped height functions in $d\ge 3$ and non-crossing surfaces  (2609.01499 - Adhikari et al., 1 Sep 2026) in Section 2, Subsection 2.4, Infinite free energy and non-minimality