Intermediate Borel complexity of model isomorphism

Construct a complete first-order theory in a countable language whose countable-model isomorphism relation lies strictly between equality and equality-plus under Borel reducibility.

Background

Equality and equality-plus are both realized as isomorphism relations of countable models of complete theories. The question asks whether a strictly intermediate complexity can occur.

References

Does there exist a complete first-order theory $T$ in a countable language such that $=\ <B\ \cong\restriction{\mathrm{Mod}(T)}\ <_B\ =+$?

Open Problems in Mathematical Logic  (2608.26628 - Barmpalias et al., 27 Aug 2026) in Section 12, Problem 12.2