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Applying hyperreal evaluation to person-indexed infinite populations

Develop a method to apply hyperreal summation and integration to the ethical evaluation of infinite outcomes conceptualized as an infinite set of persons with individual utilities, rather than as utility distributed through space, so that total value can be meaningfully assessed when conventional sums diverge.

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Background

In the ethics application, the author distinguishes between two conceptualizations: an infinite set of persons each with a utility, and utility distributed across infinite space. The paper proceeds only with the spatial formulation because the author currently lacks a way to apply the hyperreal method to the person-set formulation.

Providing a hyperreal treatment for person-indexed infinite populations would broaden applicability of the method to ethical theories that directly sum individuals’ utilities without spatial modeling.

References

I can't see how to apply the hyperreal method to the former, so will restrict the analysis to cases where the utility is distributed through space and a standard integral over that space diverges to infinity.

Evaluating the Infinite (2509.19389 - Ord, 22 Sep 2025) in Infinite Populations (opening paragraph)