Grünbaum–Shephard conjecture for simplicial arrangements

Prove or disprove the Grünbaum–Shephard conjecture that every irreducible simplicial hyperplane arrangement in real projective three-space has more ordinary intersection lines than non-ordinary intersection lines, equivalently that GS(A) = t₂^(1) − Σ_{q≥3} t_q^(1) is strictly positive.

Background

The Grünbaum–Shephard defect is defined as GS(A) = t₂1 − Σ_{q≥3} t_q1, where t_q1 counts intersection lines contained in exactly q planes. Strict positivity means that more than half of the intersection lines are ordinary, namely contained in exactly two planes.

All seven arrangements analyzed in the paper satisfy the strict inequality. Nevertheless, the authors state that the conjecture remains unresolved in general for irreducible simplicial hyperplane arrangements in three-space.

References

The conjecture remains open in general, and we are really interested in whether this inequality always holds for irreducible simplicial hyperplane arrangements in three-space.

Simplicial arrangements in real projective three-space revisited  (2608.28254 - Janasz et al., 28 Aug 2026) in Section 8.2